筆譯的基礎(chǔ)技巧有哪些?

　　筆譯翻譯是常用的翻譯之一，在平時(shí)的工作中積累的一些技巧，有利于提高筆譯翻譯的水平，今天北京翻譯公司給大家?guī)?lái)了筆譯的基礎(chǔ)技巧，希望可以幫到大家。

　　Translation is one of the commonly used translations. Some skills accumulated in ordinary work are conducive to improving the level of translation. Today, the Beijing Translation Company has brought us basic translation skills, hoping to help everyone.

　　一、增譯主語(yǔ)

　　Ⅰ. Add to the translation of the subject

　　由于英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣，常常用一些抽象名詞作為主語(yǔ)，而中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣則需要把抽象變?yōu)榫唧w;英文中常常會(huì)為了避免重復(fù)而多用介詞，中文則不怕重復(fù)，一個(gè)詞會(huì)用上好幾遍;英語(yǔ)中的復(fù)數(shù)名詞譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常加入這些、各種、種種等，要視具體語(yǔ)境情況而定。

　　Because of the habit of expressing in English, some abstract nouns are often used as the subject, while the Chinese expression habit needs to turn the abstract into concrete. In English, prepositions are often used in order to avoid repetition, but Chinese is not afraid of repetition, and a word can be used several times. When translating plural nouns into Chinese, these, various, and so on are often added, depending on the context.

　　二、增譯謂語(yǔ)

　　Ⅱ.Add translation predicate

　　英語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)相同謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常會(huì)省略，以使句子不那么贅余。而中文中則要譯出來(lái)，使其表達(dá)更加地道;英文中的介詞短語(yǔ)譯為中文時(shí)往往要增譯動(dòng)詞;有些英語(yǔ)中的名詞在譯為中文時(shí)要加入相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞，使其意義更加完整，表達(dá)更加明確。

　　When two or more of the same predicates are present in English, it is often omitted so that the sentence is less than that. In Chinese, the translation of the prepositional phrase in English is more idiomatic; the translation of the prepositional phrase in English into Chinese is often the subject of the translation of the verb; in some English, the corresponding verb is to be added when translated into Chinese, so that the meaning is more complete and the expression is more clear.

　　三、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

　　Ⅲ. Adverbials of time

　　1、 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常常可以直接翻譯，一般譯到主句前。

　　1. The time-like language is often translated directly into the main sentence.

　　2、有的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞除了表示時(shí)間以外，還會(huì)附帶條件性，所以在翻譯的時(shí)候要譯出條件關(guān)系。

　　2, some time adverbial clause guides not only express time, but also attach conditionality, so we should translate conditional relation in translation.

　　四、原因狀語(yǔ)

　　Ⅳ. adverbial of cause

　　1、英語(yǔ)中的狀語(yǔ)位置較為靈活，既可以放在主句前也可置于主句后，而中文表達(dá)常常遵循“前因后果”的順序，所以在翻譯的時(shí)候也要注意調(diào)整語(yǔ)序。

　　1. The position of adverbial in English is more flexible, it can be placed before or after the main sentence, and Chinese expressions often follow the order of "cause and effect", so we should adjust the word order when translating.

　　2、但上述情況也不是絕對(duì)的，原因狀語(yǔ)也可放在主句后，這樣也對(duì)應(yīng)了漢語(yǔ)中的結(jié)構(gòu)“之所以……是因?yàn)椤薄?/p>

　　2, but the above situation is not absolute, the adverbial of reason can also be put after the subject sentence, which also corresponds to the Chinese structure. Because.

　　五、目的狀語(yǔ)

　　Ⅴ. object adverbial

　　1、總的來(lái)說(shuō)，目的狀語(yǔ)放在主句前翻譯，把說(shuō)明情況的主句放在后面。

　　In general, the adverbial is translated before the subject, and the main sentence explaining the situation is followed.

　　2、目的狀語(yǔ)也可譯在主句后邊，表示以免、以防、使得、生怕等等。

　　Objective adverbials can also be translated after the main sentence to avoid, prevent, make, fear and so on.

　　六、譯成漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句

　　Ⅵ. Active sentences translated into Chinese

　　1、一般被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的主語(yǔ)，翻譯時(shí)常常要將原文主語(yǔ)譯為漢語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)。

　　1. The subject of a general passive sentence is an inanimate subject, which is often translated into the subject in Chinese.

　　2、主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)顛倒位置

　　2.The position of subject object is reversed

　　一般英語(yǔ)中當(dāng)動(dòng)作主體的詞前加上by時(shí)或由介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成時(shí)，那么在譯文中by后邊的動(dòng)作主體詞或該介詞短語(yǔ)中的名詞就要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)則是原文中的主語(yǔ)。

　　When an action subject is preceded by a by or is composed of a prepositional phrase in general English, the action subject word or the noun in the prepositional phrase after the by in the target text is used as the subject, and the object is the subject in the original text.

　　3、增加主語(yǔ)

　　3. add subject

　　一些被動(dòng)句在譯為主動(dòng)句時(shí)要增加一些主語(yǔ)，比如我們、人們、大家等等。

　　Some passive sentences should be translated into active sentences by adding some subjects, such as us, people, everyone and so on.

　　七、譯成漢語(yǔ)中的無(wú)主句

　　Ⅶ. No Subject Sentences Translated into Chinese

　　漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句較多，也是我們的思維方式和說(shuō)話表達(dá)習(xí)慣等因素有關(guān)。很多情況下，我們和處于同一背景生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境下的人聊天，都不需要說(shuō)主語(yǔ)，但是對(duì)方大多數(shù)情況下，都能理解你的意思。

　　There are many non-subject sentences in Chinese, which are also related to our thinking mode and speaking habits and so on. In many cases, we don't have to talk to people from the same background, but most of the time they understand what you mean.

　　八、譯成被動(dòng)句

　　Ⅷ. Translated into passive sentences

　　并不一定是所有英文中的被動(dòng)句都譯為中文的主動(dòng)句。當(dāng)一些被動(dòng)句著重在強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)意義，這時(shí)突出的是被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，那么這種情況下就要仍然譯為被動(dòng)句。

　　Not all passive sentences in English are translated into active sentences in Chinese. When some passive sentences emphasize the passive meaning, then the passive actions will still be translated into the passive sentences.

中譯國(guó)際翻譯（北京）有限公司
China International Translation service Co., Ltd.